Data sheet
| Background | Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme belonging to the XPO subfamily of peroxidases. MPO is synthesized as a preproprotein that generates separate 60 kDa heavy and 12 kDa light chains by removing a 48 amino acid (aa) signal peptide, a 116 aa propeptide, the C-terminal serine, and a 6 aa internal peptide via proteolytically processing. The active form of MPO is a disulfide-linked tetramer that contains two heme groups and two copies of the heavy and light chains. Mature human MPO shares 87-88% aa sequence identity with canine, mouse, and rat MPO. MPO binds albumin, the macrophage mannose receptor, cytokeratin 1 on vascular endothelial cells, high molecular weight kininogen, and the integrin CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils. Neutrophil MPO is stored in cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. Upon cellular activation and degranulation, MPO is delivered into phagosomes where it is required for the killing of phagocytosed bacteria. Activated neutrophils also release granule contents extracellularly. These interactions promote MPO clearance, a reduction of nitric oxide and bradykinin levels, reduced vasodilation, and continued neutrophil activation. Elevated plasma MPO levels have been associated with a variety of pathological conditions including systemic inflammation, eclampsia, vascular endothelial dysfunction, severity of multiple sclerosis, and prospective mortality and oxidative stress during hemodialysis. |
More info
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Assay Range |
312 -20,000 pg/mL |
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Sensitivity |
10.0 pg/mL |
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Size |
96T |
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Storage |
Store at 2 - 8ºC. Keep reconstituted standard at -20 ºC |
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Assay Principle |
Sandwich ELISA |
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Sample Volume |
100 µL final volume, dilution factor varies on samples |
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Detection Method |
Chromogenic |
Kit Components
1. Recombinant Human MPO standard: 2 vials
2. One 96-well plate coated with Human MPO Ab
3. Sample diluent buffer: 12 mL x 2
4. Detection antibody: 180 µL, dilution 1:60
5. Streptavidin-HRP: 300 µL, dilution 1:40
6. Antibody diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
7. Streptavidin-HRP diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
8. TMB developing agent: 10 mL x1
9. Stop solution: 10 mL x1
10. Washing solution (20x): 25 mL x1
Clinical Indications:
An initial 2003 study suggested that MPO could serve as a sensitive predictor for myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain. Since then, there have been over 100 published studies documenting the utility of MPO testing. The 2010 Heslop et al. study reported that measuring both MPO and CRP (C-reactive protein; a general and cardiac-related marker of inflammation) provided added benefit for risk prediction than just measuring CRP alone.
Immunohistochemical staining for myeloperoxidase used to be administered in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia to demonstrate that the leukemic cells were derived from the myeloid lineage. Myeloperoxidase staining is still important in the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, contrasting with the negative staining of lymphomas, which can otherwise have a similar appearance. In the case of screening patients for vasculitis, flow cytometric assays have demonstrated comparable sensitivity to immunofluorescence tests, with the additional benefit of simultaneous detection of multiple autoantibodies relevant to vasculitis. Nonetheless, this method still requires further testing.
Myeloperoxidase is the first and so far only human enzyme known to break down carbon nanotubes, allaying a concern among clinicians that using nanotubes for targeted delivery of medicines would lead to an unhealthy buildup of nanotubes in tissues.
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