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Background
NOX2(NADPH OXIDASE 2), also called CYBB(CYTOCHROME b(-245), BETA SUBUNIT), p91-PHOX or GP91-1, is a human gene encoding a glycoprotein.NOX2 is an essential component of phagocytic NADPH-oxidase, a membrane-bound enzyme complex that generates large quantities of microbicidal superoxide and other oxidants upon activation. It is mapped on Xp11.4. NOX2 is a heterodimer composed of an alpha chain of relative molecular mass 23 kD and a beta chain of 76 to 82 kD. NOX2 assembled on DC phagosomes in a gp91-phox subunit-dependent manner, and that reactive oxygen species were produced in a more sustained manner in immature DC phagosomes than in macrophage phagosomes .As a major player in innate immune responses in neutrophils,NOX2 is also involved in adaptive immunity through its activity in DCs. In heart cells, physiologic stretch rapidly activates reduced-form NOX2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a process dependent on microtubules (X-ROS signaling).