More info
Assay Range | 125-8000 pg/mL |
Sensitivity | 10.0 pg/mL |
Specificity | No cross-reaction with other related substances detected |
Size | 96T |
Storage | Store at 2 - 8ºC. Keep reconstituted standard and detection Ab at -20 ºC |
Assay Principle | Sandwich ELISA |
Sample Volume | 100 µL final volume, dilution factor varies on samples |
Sample Type | Cell culture supernatant |
Detection Method | Chromogenic |
Kit Components
1. Recombinant Mouse PD-1 standard: 2 vials
2. One 96-well plate coated with Mouse PD-1 Ab
3. Sample diluent buffer: 12 mL - 1
4. Detection antibody: 1 vial
5. Streptavidin-HRP: 1 vial
6. Antibody diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
7. Streptavidin-HRP diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
8. Chromogenic Solution A: 6 mlx1
9. Chromogenic Solution B: 6 mL x1
10. Stop solution: 6 mL x1
11. Washing solution (20x): 25 mL x1
Background
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), also known as Programmed Cell Death-1, or CD279, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family. The human PD1 is synthesized as a 288 amino acid (aa) protein containing a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 148 aa extracellular region with one immunoglobulin-like V-type domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain and a 95 aa cytoplasmic region which consists of two tyrosine residues that form the immuno receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that play a role in mediating PD-1 signaling. PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells and on a subset of thymocytes. Human PD-1 shares approximately 60% aa sequence identity with mouse counterpart.
PD-L1/B7H1 and PD-L2/B7DC, members of the B7 family, are the ligands for PD-1. PD-L1 protein is upregulated on macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in response to LPS and GM-CSF treatment, and on T cells and B cells when TCR and B cell receptor is activated. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, such as PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. It is reported that ligation of PD-1 inhibits TCR-mediated T cell proliferation and production of IL-1, IL-4, IL-10,and IFNγ, as well as BCR mediated signaling pathways. In addition, PD-1 deficient mice have shown a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases, suggesting that PD-1 might play a role in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and in preventing autoimmune diseases.