More info
Assay Range | 156 - 10,000 pg/mL |
Sensitivity | 10.0 pg/mL |
Size | 96T |
Storage | Store at 2 - 8ºC. Keep reconstituted standard and detection Ab at -20 ºC |
Assay Principle | Sandwich ELISA |
Sample volume | 100 µL final volume, dilution factor varies on samples |
Detection Method | Chromogenic |
Kit Components
1. Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1 standard: 2 vials
2. One 96-well plate precoated with anti- Mouse CX3CL1 Ab
3. Sample diluent buffer: 12 mL - 1
4. Detection antibody: 130 µL, dilution 1:100
5. Streptavidin-HRP: 130 µL, dilution 1:100
6. Antibody diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
7. Streptavidin-HRP diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
8. TMB developing agent: 10 mL x1
9. Stop solution: 10 mL x1.
10. Washing solution (20x): 25 mL x1.
Background
Fractalkine, also known as Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), or neurotactin, is a large cytokine protein and is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family. Mouse Fractalkine is synthesized as a 395 amino acid (aa) precursor protein containing a 24 aa signal sequence, a 76 aa chemokine domain, a 226 aa mucin stalk region, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 38 aa cytoplasmic tail. The chemokine domain of mouse Fractalkine shares 85% and 78% aa sequence identity to thecorresponding domain in rat and human Fractalkine, respectively. The mucin stalk of mouse Fractalkine also is 80% and 59% aa sequence identical to the equivalent region in rat and human Fractalkine, respectively.
Fractalkine is predominantly expressed by vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, neurons, dendritic cells, and the epithelial linings of the intestine, bronchi, renal proximal tubules, endometrium, fallopian tube, and bile duct. The full-length transmembrane Fractalkine can be further cleaved into a secreted soluble form which has been identified in serum, urine, cerebrospinal, amniotic and synovial fluids. CX3CR1, a G-protein coupled receptor, is the only known endogenous receptor for Fractalkine. It is expressed by cytotoxic effector cells and cytokine producers, including type I helper and cytotoxic T cells, γδ T cells, CD16+ NK cells, monocytes and microglia. Both soluble and transmembrane forms of CX3CL1 function as chemoattractants that bring cytotoxic effector and cytokine producing cells to areas of inflammation. Soluble form of CX3CL3 plays a major role in increasing the cytotoxic response of CX3CR1-expressing NK cells, which may be responsible for its antitumor activity. In central nervous system, CX3CL1 may mediate interactions between neurons and microglia and to protect the brain from microglial neurotoxicity during neuro-inflammation.