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Background
MLL(Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed Lineage Leukemia gene),also called MLL1, ALL1 or CXX7, is a frequent target for recurrent translocations in acute leukemias that may be characterized as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or mixed lineage (biphenotypic) leukemia (MLL). The MLL gene encodes a DNA-binding protein that methylates histone H3 lys4 (H3K4) and positively regulates expression of target genes, including multiple HOX genes. The MLL gene is mapped on 11q23.3. A leukemogenicMLL fusion protein that activates HOX expression had no effect on histone methylation, suggesting a distinct mechanism for gene regulation by MLLand MLL fusion proteins. The MLL gene encodes a large nuclear protein that is required for the maintenance of HOX gene expression. MLL is cleaved at 2 conserved sites to generate an N-terminal 320-kD fragment (N320) and a C-terminal 180-kD fragment (C180), which heterodimerize to stabilize the complex and confer its subnuclear destination. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of taspase-1 in HeLa cells resulted in the appearance of unprocessed MLL and the loss of proper HOX gene expression.