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Background
The human oncogene c-fos is cellular homolog of the transforming gene of Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ) murine osteosarcoma virus which was mapped to a single human chromosome.1 c-Fos is encoded by the FOS gene. FOS was the first transcription factor identified that has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. FOS is also a major component of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, which includes members of the JUN family. c-fos is a major nuclear target for signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and transformation.2 Using transgenic and knockout mice, Grigoriadis et al. (1995) established a unique role for the proto-oncogene and nuclear transcription factor, Fos, in regulating the differentiation and activity of specific bone cell populations, both during normal development and in bone disease. 3several mtDNA haplotypes at stable frequencies; the respiratory chain has little spare COX capacity; and that the size of a cavity in the vicinity of val421 in MTCO1I of animal COX may affect the function of the enzyme.4