More info
Assay Range | 156 - 10000 pg/mL |
Sensitivity | 10.0 pg/mL |
Size | 96T |
Storage | Store at 2 - 8ºC. Keep reconstituted standard and detection Ab at -20 ºC |
Assay Principle | Sandwich ELISA |
Sample volume | 100 µL final volume, dilution factor varies on samples |
Detection Method | Chromogenic |
Kit Components
1. Recombinant Mouse CD14 standard: 2 vials
2. One 96-well plate precoated with anti-Mouse CD14 Ab
3. Sample diluent buffer: 12 mL - 1
4. Detection antibody: 130 µL, dilution 1:100
5. Streptavidin-HRP: 130 µL, dilution 1:100
6. Antibody diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
7. Streptavidin-HRP diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
8. TMB developing agent: 10 mL x1
9. Stop solution: 10 mL x1.
10. Washing solution (20x): 25 mL x1.
Background
CD14 (cluster of differentiation 14), also known as myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein, is a co-receptor for the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CD14 exists in two forms: The 55 kDa form, mCD14, is anchored to the membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Soluble forms of CD14, or sCD14, either is derived from shedding of mCD14 (48 kDa) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 kDa). Human mCD14 shares 63-73% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat or rabbit CD14. mCD14 is expressed primarily on the cells that are most sensitive to LPS, including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. It also is expressed at lower levels on other cells, such as B cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. sCD14 is found in serum, urine and other body fluids.
CD14 forms a receptor complex with another acute phase protein, LBP (LPS-binding protein) and TLR4/MD2 to transduce LPS signal in target cells. LBP binds LPS and transfers it to CD14, and then, LPS is transferred from CD14 to the TLR4/MD2 complex on the cell surface. LPS-mediated signals induce production of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory proteins. CD14 also potentiates TLR-mediated signals triggered by microbe-derived ligands other than LPS, including TLR2 activation by polymeric peptidoglycan, gram-positive bacterial lipoteichoic acid, or mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan. It increases uptake and trafficking of the viral TLR3 ligand, poly(I:C). In the lungs, CD14 binds phosphoinositides and surfactant proteins, such as SP-A and SP-D, via interaction of lipids with the CD14 LPS binding site. It is reported that high concentrations of sCD14 may inhibit LPS- mediated responses by competing for binding to mCD14. In the presence of LBP, however, sCD14 can also potentiate LPS responses or help cells to clear circulating LPS. The relationships between sCD14 levels with the pathological conditions are uncertain. For example, sCD14 may be increased as compared to normal circulating sCD14 in some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but decreased in others, such as Crohn’s disease.