More info
Assay Range | 7.8 - 500 pg/mL |
Sensitivity | 10.0 pg/mL |
Size | 96T |
Storage | Store at 2 - 8ºC. Keep reconstituted standard and detection Ab at -20 ºC |
Assay Principle | Sandwich ELISA |
Sample Volume | 100 µL final volume, dilution factor varies on samples |
Detection Method | Chromogenic |
Kit Components
1. Recombinant Human CCL18 standard: 2 vials
2. One 96-well plate coated with Human CCL18 Ab
3. Sample diluent buffer: 12 mL - 1
4. Detection antibody: 130 µL, dilution 1:100
5. Streptavidin-HRP: 130 µL, dilution 1:100
6. Antibody diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
7. Streptavidin-HRP diluent buffer: 12 mL x1
8. TMB developing agent: 10 mL x1
9. Stop solution: 10 mL x1
10. Washing solution (20x): 25 mL x1
Background
Human CCL18 (Chemokine CC Motif Ligand 18), also known as PARC (Pulmonary and Activation-Regulated Chemokine), alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine 1 (AMAC-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4), and dendritic cell-derived chemokine 1 (DCCK1), is a member of the chemokine family. The full-length CCL18 is an 89 amino acid (aa) precursor protein containing a 20 aa putative signal peptide and a 69 aa residue mature protein. CCL18 is highly expressed in lung, lymph nodes and placenta. CCL18 is primarily induced by Th2 type cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, and inhibited by IFN-γ. CCL18 exhibits strong chemotactic activity for naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and non- activated lymphocytes. It attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. In addition, CCL18 can also promote the generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and adaptive regulatory T cells, proliferation of monocytes and production of cytokine, as well as stimulation of collagen production by fibroblasts.
Recently, three receptors PITPNM3, GPR30, and CCR8 have been proposed for CCL18. PITPNM3 is only expressed on breast cancer cells and not on T-cells nor on B-cells. PITPNM3-CCL8 binding induces Pyk2 and Src mediated signaling and subsequent metastasis of breast cancer. Binding of CCL18 to GPR30 blocks both activation of GPR30 its natural ligands and reduces the ability of CXCL12-dependant activation of acute lymphocytic leukemia B cells but does not induce chemotaxis. CCL18 binding to CCR8 induces chemotaxis of Th2 cells and is competitive with CCR8’s another ligand, CCL1, suggesting that CCL18 binds physiologically with CCR8. Clinically, elevated levels of CCL18 have been linked to a series of diseases, such as allergic asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, it has been shown that that CCL18 is a potential valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in coronary artery disease.