Human Growth Differentiation Factor 11 GDF11 ELISA Kit

Kit Components

 1. Recombinant Human GDF-11 standard: 2 vials

 2. One 96-well plate coated with Human GDF-11  Ab

 3. Sample diluent buffer: 12 mL - 1

 4. Detection antibody: 1 vial, dilution 1:100

 5. Streptavidin-HRP:  1 vial, dilution 1:200

 6. Antibody diluent buffer: 12 mL x1   

 7. Streptavidin-HRP diluent buffer: 12 mL x1

 8. TMB developing agent: 10 mL x1

 9. Stop solution: 10 mL x1

 10. Washing solution (20x): 25 mL x1

Background

GDF11 (Growth differentiation factor 11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a member of transforming growth factor beta superfamily (TGFβ). The mature 109 amino acid (aa) GDF11, derived from the full-length 407 aa GDF11 precursor protein, contains a canonical 7cysteine motif of the TGFβ superfamily members. GDF11 plays a key role in regulating embryonic development. This cytokine inhibits the proliferation of olfactory receptor neuron progenitors to regulate the number of olfactory receptor neurons occurring in the olfactory epithelium, and controls the competence of progenitor cells to regulate numbers of retinal ganglionic cells developing in the retina. Other studies in mice suggest that GDF11 is involved in mesodermal formation and neurogenesis during embryonic development. GDF11 knock-out mice show diverse abnormalities including palatal malformation, vertebral defects, elongated trunks with a reduced or absent tail, missing or malformed kidneys, and an increased number of neurons in the olfactory epithelium.

GDF11 has been identified as a blood circulating factor that has the ability to reverse cardiac hypertrophy in mice as a result of hypertrophy related to aging. GDF11 gene expression and protein abundance decreases with age, and it shows differential abundance between young and old mice in parabiosis procedures, causing youthful regeneration of cardiomyocytes, a reduction in the Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and in theAtrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).GDF11 also causes an increase in expression of SERCA-2, an enzyme necessary for relaxation during diastolic functions. GDF11 activates the TGF-β pathway in cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and suppresses the phosphorylation of Forkhead (FOX proteins) transcription factors.