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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-bornezoonoticarbovirus belonging to the genusFlavivirus in the familyFlaviviridae, which is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America and West Asia. WNV is maintained in nature in a cycle involving transmission between birds and mosquitoes. Humans, horses and other mammals can be infected. Approximately 80% of West Nile virus infections in humans are subclinical, which cause no symptoms . Symptoms may include fever, headaches, fatigue, muscle pain or aches (myalgias), malaise, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and rash. Less than 1% of the cases are severe and result in neurological disease when the central nervous system is affected. The specific neurological diseases that may occur are West Nile encephalitis.